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Thermus aquaticus
''Thermus aquaticus'' is a species of bacterium that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the ''Deinococcus-Thermus'' group. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme ''Taq'' DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.
==History==
When studies of biological organisms in hot springs began in the 1960s, scientists thought that the life of thermophilic bacteria could not be sustained in temperatures above about .〔(Thomas Brock's essay "Life at High Temperatures", available at )〕 Soon, however, it was discovered that many bacteria in different springs not only survived, but also thrived in higher temperatures. In 1969, Thomas D. Brock and Hudson Freeze of Indiana University reported a new species of thermophilic bacterium which they named ''Thermus aquaticus''. The bacterium was first discovered in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, near the major geysers Great Fountain Geyser and White Dome Geyser, and has since been found in similar thermal habitats around the world.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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